Diagnosing memory problems can be puzzling. In older adults, it’s easy to mistake such problems as part of the everyday memory loss that some people have as they grow older.
But memory problems can be a sign of a more serious diagnosis, such as Alzheimer disease or another type of dementia.
Check with a doctor if your loved one:
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Is not able to remember familiar things or people.
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Is more and more forgetful or has trouble remembering recent events.
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Has trouble doing familiar things, such as cooking.
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Gets disoriented driving or walking in places that used to be very familiar.
Your loved one’s doctor will do a complete physical exam. They will ask about prescription and over-the-counter medicine use. The doctor will also look at the person’s diet, health history, and overall health. If needed, brain imaging will be done. A memory problem may be caused by:
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A medicine reaction.
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Depression.
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A thyroid problem.
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Dehydration.
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Vitamin deficiency.
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An infection.
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A stroke.
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Metabolic disorders.
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Dementia.
If you’re caring for someone who has memory problems, these tips may help. You may be able to help the person keep their confidence, independence, and dignity for as long as possible.
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Be flexible and patient. Help the person try to remember what they can.
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Make it easier for the person to remember new information. For instance, keep new information simple, and repeat it often. Break down new activities into small steps.
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Give verbal cues rather than ask questions. For example, say: “This is Jane, your cousin, who has come to see you.” Don’t say: “This is Jane. Do you remember who she is?”
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Keep a regular routine. This will help the person feel more secure and make it easier for them to remember what usually happens during the day. Too much variety and stimulation can be confusing.
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Write down important pieces of information.
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Learn what to expect. For example, managing irritation may be easier if you understand that your loved one can’t remember how to unload the dishwasher because of the disease. It's not because they don’t want to be helpful.
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Seek help from family and friends.